ADPN

This study demonstrates that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the first trimester is an independent risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). In a cohort of 608 pregnant Korean women, 18.4% had NAFLD, and 5.9% developed GDM. Women with GDM had a higher prevalence of radiological steatosis, fatty liver index (FLI), and hepatic steatosis index (HSI). The severity of NAFLD positively correlated with GDM risk, even after adjusting for metabolic risk factors, including insulin resistance. Maternal plasma adiponectin and selenoprotein P levels were associated with both NAFLD severity and GDM risk, suggesting adiponectin as a potential biomarker for predicting GDM.