Lep

This nested case-control study examined the relationship between early pregnancy adiponectin, leptin, and the leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in 332 GDM cases and 664 matched controls from the Tongji-Shuangliu Birth Cohort. Higher adiponectin levels were associated with a reduced GDM risk (OR 0.55 for the highest vs. lowest quartile), while higher leptin levels (OR 1.96) and LAR (OR 2.72) were associated with increased GDM risk (all p-trend < 0.02). Adding adiponectin and leptin to a conventional prediction model slightly improved its predictive ability (C-statistic increased from 0.708 to 0.728) and yielded a net reclassification improvement of 0.292. The study concludes that adiponectin is inversely associated with GDM risk, while leptin and LAR are positively associated, suggesting these biomarkers may enhance early GDM risk prediction in Chinese pregnant women.