LDL-C

This study found that early pregnancy lipid profiles are associated with pregnancy outcomes. Elevated total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), were linked to an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pre-eclampsia (PE), preterm birth, and macrosomia. Conversely, low TC, TG, and LDL-C levels, along with high HDL-C levels, were protective against these adverse outcomes. The findings suggest that early pregnancy lipid levels could serve as predictive biomarkers for identifying women at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.