Ins

By Anonymous (not verified) , 13 November 2025
Disease's type
Insulin resistance
GPT's summary
Ceramide, a lipid mediator produced in response to stress, plays a critical role in regulating cellular processes such as cell death, differentiation, and insulin sensitivity. This study reveals that ceramide inhibits protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) activation via atypical protein kinase C zeta (PKCζ). In unstimulated cells, PKB and PKCζ form a complex, which dissociates upon insulin stimulation, allowing PKB activation. However, ceramide prevents this dissociation by activating PKCζ, leading to phosphorylation of the PKB-PH domain at Thr34. This modification blocks phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) binding, thereby inhibiting PKB activation. A T34A-mutated PKB-PH domain, which retains PIP3 binding ability, remains resistant to ceramide-induced inhibition. Inhibition of PKCζ restores PKB activity, underscoring its role in this regulatory pathway. As PKB is essential for cell survival and insulin signaling, ceramide-mediated PKCζ activation represents a potential mechanism contributing to insulin resistance and apoptosis.
RF's name
Serum Insulin
Sample's type
Serum
Title
Ceramide disables 3-phosphoinositide binding to the pleckstrin homology domain of protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt by a PKCzeta-dependent mechanism
Evidence's type
Mechanism
Year
2003
Journal
Mol Cell Biol