HDL-C

This nested case-control study examined longitudinal changes in lipid profiles during pregnancy and their association with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. Among 107 GDM cases and 214 controls, plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-C increased as pregnancy progressed. Higher triglyceride and lower HDL-C concentrations in early (10-14 weeks) and mid-pregnancy (15-26 weeks) were significantly associated with an increased GDM risk, with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of 6.57 for triglycerides and 0.23 for HDL-C in mid-pregnancy. Total cholesterol and LDL-C levels were not associated with GDM risk. These findings suggest that early and mid-pregnancy triglyceride and HDL-C levels may serve as biomarkers for GDM risk.