HDL-C

This nested case-control study investigated the relationship between lipid profiles, lipid ratios, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in early and mid-pregnancy, involving 1586 pregnant women, of whom 741 were diagnosed with GDM. Higher levels of triglycerides (TG), ApoA1, ApoB, LDL-c, triglyceride glucose index, TG/HDL-c, and TC/HDL-c ratios in early pregnancy were positively associated with an increased risk of GDM, while HDL-c levels were negatively associated. These associations persisted in mid-pregnancy, with stably high levels of triglyceride glucose index, TG/HDL-c, and TC/HDL-c from early to mid-pregnancy significantly increasing GDM risk. Conversely, consistently high HDL-c levels were associated with a reduced GDM risk. These findings suggest the clinical potential of lipid measures for early identification of women at high risk for GDM.