TyG

This study aimed to evaluate the association of maternal first-trimester plasma lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and large for gestational age (LGA) infants in Iranian mothers. The study followed 954 healthy pregnant women and measured maternal fasting lipids and glucose concentrations at around nine weeks of gestation. The results showed that the incidence of GDM and LGA infants was 18.4% and 26.1%, respectively. There was a significant correlation between increased FPG, triglycerides, TG/HDL-C ratio, and TyG index with the risk of GDM and LGA. After adjusting for potential confounders, women in the top tertile of these markers had significantly higher risks of both GDM and LGA, with relative risks ranging from 3.9 to 5.3 times greater compared to women in the bottom tertile. The TyG index, in particular, was found to be a more robust early predictor of both GDM and LGA infants.