IGFBP-1

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), and C-peptide in early pregnancy with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The study included 804 women, and maternal plasma samples were collected at 13 weeks of gestation to measure IGF-1, IGFBP-1, and C-peptide. The results showed that higher levels of free IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 were inversely associated with GDM risk, whereas higher C-peptide levels were positively associated with GDM risk. Specifically, women with free IGF-1 levels ≥ 1.08 ng/mL had a 69% reduced risk of GDM compared to those with levels < 0.80 ng/mL. Similarly, women with IGFBP-1 levels ≥ 68.64 ng/mL had a 57% reduced risk of GDM, although the result was not statistically significant. Conversely, women with C-peptide levels ≥ 3.00 ng/mL had a 2.28-fold increased risk of developing GDM compared to those with lower levels. These findings suggest that both IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 may play protective roles against GDM, while elevated C-peptide levels could increase the risk.