Se

This study investigates the relationship between the levels of selenium (Se), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) during the first trimester of pregnancy and various pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), gestational hypertension (GH), preeclampsia (PE), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). It draws data from a Polish cohort of 563 healthy pregnant women, finding that increased Se levels decrease the risk of GH and IUGR, while increased Fe levels reduce the risk of PE. Associations were also noted between microelement levels and maternal characteristics like BMI, age, education, and financial status. The findings suggest that these microelements may play a protective role against certain pregnancy complications, highlighting the need for further research into their potential as early predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes.