HBsAg

This study evaluates the antiviral effects and underlying mechanisms of electroacupuncture combined with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TF) in treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Using an HBV-infected mouse model, the combination therapy (E_T) demonstrated a greater reduction in serum HBV DNA (2.2 log10 IU/mL) compared to TF alone (1.98 log10 IU/mL), with superior inhibition of HBeAg and HBsAg levels. Multi-omics analysis revealed that E_T modulates the PPAR pathway, upregulates taurine and all-trans-retinoic acid, and enhances gut microbiota composition, contributing to improved intestinal barrier integrity. Mechanistically, E_T inhibited the PGC-1α/PPAR-α/SIRT1 pathway while activating JAK/STAT signaling through IFN-γ, p-JAK1, p-JAK2, and p-STAT1, leading to immune modulation and enhanced antiviral effects. These findings suggest that E_T, through its regulation of metabolic and immune pathways, may serve as a promising adjuvant therapy for CHB, particularly in achieving a functional cure.