GGT

This prospective cohort study explored the relationship between liver enzyme levels in early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among 1,295 women. Women with GDM had significantly higher liver enzyme levels compared to those without GDM (p < 0.05). The highest quartile of liver enzymes was associated with an increased risk of GDM, with adjusted odds ratios ranging from 2.76 to 8.11. A linear relationship was observed between liver enzyme levels and GDM risk (p < 0.001). Using a back-propagation artificial neural network, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was ranked as the most significant predictor of GDM (contributing 20.8% to prediction weight), followed by alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase. The study concludes that elevated liver enzymes in early pregnancy, particularly GGT, are strong predictors of GDM and could play a key role in early risk assessment.