| Literature link | GPT Summary | Evidence category | Disease type |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30428456 | This study examined the association between maternal retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels during early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Serum RBP4 concentrations were measured in 173 GDM cases and 187 controls using an ELISA-based immunoassay. The results revealed that mean RBP4 levels were significantly higher in GDM cases compared to controls (47.1 vs. 41.1 μg/ml; p < 0.05). Women in the highest RBP4 quartile had a 1.89-fold increased risk of GDM compared to those in the lowest quartile (95% CI: 1.05–3.43), though this association weakened after adjusting for confounders (aOR: 1.54; 95% CI: 0.82–2.90). Notably, women aged ≥35 years with high RBP4 levels (≥38.3 μg/ml) had a 2.31-fold higher risk of GDM compared to younger women with lower RBP4 levels (aOR: 2.31; 95% CI: 1.26–4.23; p = 0.021). These findings suggest that elevated early pregnancy RBP4 levels may modestly increase GDM risk, particularly in older women. |
Risk factor |
GDM |
| 34537998 | This study aimed to investigate the relationship between circulating retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels in early pregnancy and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A nested case-control study was conducted with 332 women who developed GDM and 664 matched controls. Serum RBP4 levels were measured during early pregnancy (6-15 weeks of gestation), and the association with GDM risk was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. The study found that higher serum RBP4 levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM. For example, the odds ratio (OR) comparing the extreme quartiles of serum RBP4 levels was 2.26 (95% CI: 1.34, 3.81), and each standard deviation (SD) increase in RBP4 was associated with a 1.39-fold higher risk of GDM. These findings were further supported by a meta-analysis, which confirmed that RBP4 levels in early pregnancy are independently linked to GDM risk. The results suggest that RBP4 could provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying GDM and may serve as a potential biomarker for early prediction and intervention. | Risk factor | GDM |
| 16034410 | Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), an adipocyte-derived factor, plays a pivotal role in insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In adipose-specific GLUT4 knockout (Glut4?/?) mice, RBP4 expression is markedly elevated, and increased circulating RBP4 levels are observed in insulin-resistant mice and humans with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Conversely, reducing RBP4 levels through genetic deletion or pharmacological intervention (e.g., fenretinide) enhances insulin sensitivity and improves glucose homeostasis. Mechanistically, RBP4 disrupts insulin signaling in muscle and induces hepatic gluconeogenesis via phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) upregulation. These findings suggest that targeting RBP4 could represent a novel therapeutic approach for improving insulin sensitivity and managing type 2 diabetes. | Mechanism | Insulin resistance |
| 30428456 | This study aimed to explore the relationship between retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) concentrations measured at the first prenatal visit and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The study involved 827 pregnant women, with data collected on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and RBP4 levels during the first prenatal visit (at approximately 6 weeks of gestation). A subsequent GDM screening was conducted between 24-28 weeks. The results showed that higher RBP4 concentrations were significantly associated with an increased risk of developing GDM. Specifically, women in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of RBP4 had an increased risk of GDM by 54%, 205%, and 536%, respectively, compared to those in the first quartile. The addition of RBP4 levels to established GDM risk factors improved the prediction, as indicated by a significant increase in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). In women with obesity and elevated fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), the odds ratio (OR) for GDM risk was significantly higher (9.83) compared to women without obesity and with lower FABP4 levels. The findings suggest that elevated RBP4 in early pregnancy is a positive indicator of increased GDM risk, particularly in women with obesity and older age, potentially serving as an early predictive biomarker for GDM. | Risk factor | GDM |
| KEGG pathway |
|---|
| Retinol metabolism |
RF's name
Retinol-Binding Protein 4
RF's type
protein