| Literature link | GPT Summary | Evidence category | Disease type |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34453541 | This study explored the relationship between early pregnancy thyroid markers and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk, along with the potential mediating role of lipid species. In a cohort of 6068 pregnant women, higher serum free thyroxine (fT4) levels were associated with a reduced risk of GDM (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.54–0.98), while an increased fT3/fT4 ratio was associated with a higher GDM risk (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.06–1.93). Lipidomic analysis identified specific lipids, including alkylphosphatidylcholine 36:1 and phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen 38:6, that were positively associated with the fT3/fT4 ratio. Mediation analysis suggested that 67.9% of the fT3/fT4 ratio’s effect on GDM risk was mediated by these lipid species. These findings highlight a link between thyroid function, lipid metabolism, and GDM development, with lipid species playing a significant mediating role. |
Risk factor |
GDM |
| 30935929 | This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of serum ferritin (SF) concentration and free thyroxine (fT4) levels on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in early pregnancy. Data from 6542 pregnant women were analyzed. High SF levels were associated with an increased risk of GDM (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02–1.43), while low fT4 levels were not significantly associated with GDM risk (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.89–1.58). Additionally, there was no evidence of an additive interaction between SF and fT4 levels on GDM development. The study concludes that high SF concentration in early pregnancy increases the risk of GDM, while fT4 levels do not influence this association. |
Risk factor |
GDM |
| 33310125 | This study investigated the relationship between thyroid function and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in assisted pregnancies, analyzing data from 2211 pregnant women. The prevalence of GDM was 20.1%. Lower FT4 levels were initially associated with increased GDM risk, but this association disappeared after adjustments. However, thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity (TPOAb+) independently increased GDM risk (adjusted OR = 1.472). Among TPOAb+ patients, higher TSH (adjusted OR = 2.882) and lower FT4 (adjusted OR = 3.156) levels were significantly associated with GDM risk. The findings suggest that TPOAb+ status, along with thyroid hormone imbalances, is a key risk factor for GDM in assisted pregnancies. | Risk factor | GDM |
| 27583471 | This study investigated the relationship between thyroid hormone levels in early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a cohort of 27,513 mothers. The results showed that GDM incidence increased with maternal age, higher prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), and a family history of diabetes. Notably, women who developed GDM had significantly lower levels of free T4 (FT4) in early pregnancy compared to non-GDM women. A negative correlation was observed between early pregnancy FT4 levels and GDM incidence, indicating that lower thyroid hormone levels in early pregnancy are a risk factor for GDM. | Risk factor | GDM |
| KEGG pathway |
|---|
| Thyroid hormone signaling pathway |
RF's name
Thyroid Hormone
RF's type
Thyroid function indicator