SF | eGDMD

By admin , 18 September 2025

Go ontology

Literature evidence

Literature link	GPT Summary	Evidence category	Disease type



28580448	This prospective study investigated the relationship between serum ferritin levels in early pregnancy (12–16 weeks) and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in 1,384 pregnant women. Women who developed GDM had significantly higher serum ferritin levels compared to those who did not (p=0.01). A serum ferritin threshold of 45 ng/mL (75th percentile) was associated with a 1.4-fold increased risk of GDM (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0–1.87, p=0.01). After adjustment for age, the odds ratio remained significant (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.02–1.86, p=0.03). However, after additional adjustment for pre-pregnancy BMI, the association was no longer statistically significant (adjusted OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.96–1.79, p=0.08). Multivariable adjustment (age and BMI) yielded similar results (adjusted OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 0.95–1.8, p=0.09). The study suggests that high serum ferritin may be a potential risk factor for GDM, although the association may be influenced by confounding factors such as BMI.	Risk factor	GDM
39523925	This retrospective cohort study examined the relationship between maternal serum ferritin (SF) levels across pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in 17,560 women, of whom 12.3% were diagnosed with GDM. Elevated SF levels in both early (8.0–13.6 weeks) and late pregnancy (29.0–31.6 weeks) were independently and positively associated with increased GDM risk. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for GDM increased significantly across SF quartiles at both time points, with the highest quartile showing the greatest risk. Women with persistently high SF levels (upper 25th percentile at both time points) had the highest GDM incidence (15.3%), whereas those with initially high SF levels that decreased by late pregnancy had a reduced GDM risk. The study concludes that elevated SF levels are independently associated with GDM risk, raising concerns about routine iron supplementation for iron-replete pregnant women due to potential adverse effects on glucose metabolism.	Risk factor	GDM
16644640	This prospective study investigated the association between elevated serum ferritin levels at entry to care and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as well as the potential role of increased iron stores versus inflammation. Among 1,456 pregnant women, those who developed GDM had significantly higher serum ferritin levels compared to those who did not (p < 0.001). Women in the highest quintile of serum ferritin had a twofold increased risk of developing GDM after adjusting for known risk factors (adjusted OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.04–3.92, p < 0.05). Similarly, a nested case-control analysis showed that women in the highest tertile of serum ferritin or C-reactive protein (CRP) levels also had a greater than twofold increased GDM risk. However, these associations became non-significant after adjusting for pre-pregnancy BMI, suggesting that the relationship is partly mediated by maternal fat mass and obesity. The findings point to a potential link between elevated ferritin levels, low-grade inflammation, and GDM risk.	Risk factor	GDM
37547304	This study investigated the relationship between serum ferritin levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), insulin resistance (IR), and gestational hypertriglyceridemia (GTG) in 781 pregnant women. Participants were divided into quartiles based on serum ferritin levels. Compared to the lowest quartile (Q1), higher serum ferritin levels (Q3 and Q4) were significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM (OR = 1.79 for Q3 and OR = 2.07 for Q4) and insulin resistance (OR = 2.18 for Q3 and OR = 3.14 for Q4), even after adjusting for age and pre-pregnancy BMI. However, no significant association was found between serum ferritin levels and GTG, although triglyceride levels were positively correlated with ferritin in the second trimester. The study concludes that elevated serum ferritin in early pregnancy is strongly associated with GDM and insulin resistance but not gestational dyslipidemia, raising questions about the necessity of routine iron supplementation during pregnancy.	Risk factor	GDM